by
Atmosfæretemperatur og CO2
Ny forskning studerer situasjonen, hva er årsak og hva er virkning? IPCC-leirens hypotese er at økt CO2 forårsaker økt temperatur, men denne studien fra Koutsoyiannis og Kundzewicz tar utgangspunkt i at det motsatte kan være tilfelle og ser først på paleoklimatiske fata og deretter på moderne data fra 1980-2019. Studiens fokus er på tidsaspektet (timing) og ikke på graden av endring.
Bakgrunn
Studien ser på forhistorien, fra Tyndall (1865), Den italienske meteorologen De Marchi (1895), Arrhenius (1896) og bemerker at de første eksperimentene både på vanndamp og CO2 ble utført av Eunice Newton Foote (1856). Allerede dengang var det klart at de to variablene CO2 og temperatur var tett knyttet sammen. Filosofisk ser studien på temaet som et klassisk høna-og-egget problem, og viser til Plutarch som tidligst drøftet en slik årsakssammenheng (kausalitet er det fine ordet).
Vi har i 2020 på grunn av Covid-19 pandemien hatt de mest drastiske kutt i industrielle CO2-utslipp (rød stolpe til høyre i figuren under), uten at disse kuttene vises i målinger av atmosfærisk CO2-nivå ved Mauna Loa. Studien peker også på finanskrisen i 2008-2009 hvor det var klare reduksjoner i industrielle CO2-utslipp, uten at det lot seg spore i Mauna-Loa målingene (se Peters et al,)
Paleoklimatiske studier
I dag har vi samlet mye mer viten, spesielt fra paleoklimatiske studier. Denne studien viser til Schmidt et al (2010), som hevder at CO2s andel av IR-absorpsjon er 19% mens vanndamp og skyer står for 75 %. Redaksjonen innskyter at vanndampens dominans ble påpekt allerede på Arrhenius tid av Ångstrøm, så vanndampens rolle har vært kjent i mer enn 100 år, men nøyaktig hvor stor den dominerende effekten av vanndamp inklusive skyer er, fortsatt debatteres.
Årsak og virkning i Phanerozoic-epoken vises tydelig (Vostok-iskjerner) av studien fra Roe (2006), med sitatet «variations in atmospheric CO2 appear to lag the rate of change of global ice volume. This implies only a secondary role for CO2—variations in which produce a weaker radiative forcing than the orbitally-induced changes in summertime insolation—in driving changes in global ice volume.»
En rekke studier støtter Roe, og angir en tidsavstand fra temperaturendring til CO2-endring på 50 til 1000 år, basert på tidsperioden som er studert samt øvrige detaljer i studiene. Ingen studier peker på motsatt mulighet.
CO2-nivå estimert fra iskjerneprøver har flere problemer:
Det har også kommet annen forskning (Massman og Frank 2006) som viser at CO2-nivået på 280 ppm IPCC-leiren benytter seg av bl.a. fra iskjerneprøvene er svært fantasifullt; de skriver konkret: «moderne CO2 konsentrasjon under hardpakket snø i skog og eng varierer fra 600-1800 ppm og nivået kan fluktuere med opptil 200 ppm på bare 4 dager.»
Når man observerer slike forhold i dag ser man problemene med IPCC-leirens bruk av CO2-estimater fra bl.a Vostok. Massmann og Frank støtter dermed Jaworowski, Segalstad, Ono (1992) på at iskjerneprøvene ikke kunne benyttes til å bestemme tidligere tiders CO2-nivå.
Moderne studier
Forskerne har sett på to moderne datasett for temperatur, UAH data for lavere troposfære, og CRUTEM som er landtemperatur, et felles prosjekt fra Met Office Hadley Centre og Climatic Research Unit (CRU) ved University of East Anglia.
Forskjellig trend i de to kurvene er ansett som irrelevant siden det er årsak og virkning man undersøker. Det er velkjent i klimaforskningen at global oppvarming er mye sterkere over land enn over hav og at bakkemålt temperatur er forurenset av et stigende antall termometre i urbane strøk, samt en sterkt varierende gjennomsnitts-avstand fra ekvator.
Det er i figuren under brukt fire datasett for atmosfærisk CO2, Mauna Loa, Barrow i Alaska, Sydpolen og et globalt gjennomsnitt. Som man ser i figuren er forskjellen gjennom året størst der det regionalt er mest fotosyntese.
Studien påpeker klart at man her (figuren under) ikke ser noen årsakssammenheng mellom CO2 og temperatur, fordi temperaturen går kaotisk opp og ned, mens CO2 viser en stabil årsvariasjon og en jevnt stigende kurve.
Kan man med statsitisk analyse vise at det er en årsakssammenheng den andre veien, fra T til CO2? Det kan man.
For de som interesserer seg for detaljene i studiens metodikk og detaljene i den statistiske analyse viser vi til selve studien. Tabell 1 fra studien er gjengitt her, den viser antall måneder før CO2-nivået reagerer på endret temperatur. Studien bruker et signifikansnivå på 1 %.
Konklusjon: T = årsak, CO2 = virkning
Resultatet av studien støtter hypotesen at begge kausalitetsretninger eksisterer, med T som årsak og CO2 som virkning klart dominerende, til tross for at motsatt retning hersker i media og i politikken, samt i IPCC-leiren. Studiens resultater viser at endring i CO2 følger etter endring i temperatur med ca 6 mnd på en månedsskala, eller ca ett år på en årsskala.
Studien viser også til at naturens biokjemiske utslipp av CO2 fra jordmonnet kan øke med høyere temperatur og at dette reiser flere interessante spørsmål. I siste setning påpeker forfatterne i et neppe utilsiktet spark til IPCC-leiren, at forskere i det 21. århundre burde være klar over at komplekse systemer motsetter seg forenklede forklaringer.
Redaksjonen påpeker at denne studien dermed kommer til samme konklusjon som Humlum, Stordahl og Solheim, som i 2013 publiserte en analyse av en noe kortere tidsserie (1980-2012).
bokep
Greetings! Very useful advice within this post!
It’s the little changes that produce the largest changes. Thanks a lot for
sharing!
Thank you so much for sharing this wonderful post with us.
Thank you so much for sharing this wonderful post with us.
Tools for Checking USDT for Embargoes and Operation Purity: AML Strategies
In the current environment of virtual currencies, where fast trades and secrecy are becoming the norm, supervising the lawfulness and purity of transactions is vital. In light of increased official oversight over dirty money and financing of terrorism, the requirement for effective instruments to verify operations has become a significant matter for crypto users. In this text, we will explore offered solutions for verifying USDT for prohibitions and transaction integrity.
What is AML?
Anti-Money Laundering strategies refer to a set of regulatory measures aimed at stopping and identifying financial misconduct activities. With the increase of crypto usage, AML standards have become especially important, allowing participants to operate digital assets confidently while lessening hazards associated with prohibitions.
USDT, as the preeminent popular stablecoin, is widely used in diverse deals internationally. Yet, using USDT can carry several hazards, especially if your monies may associate to unclear or criminal activities. To mitigate these threats, it’s imperative to take leverage of solutions that check USDT for restrictive measures.
Available Services
1. Address Authentication: Using dedicated tools, you can verify a specific USDT address for any associations to restrictive registries. This aids uncover potential associations to illicit conduct.
2. Transfer Engagement Assessment: Some services extend evaluation of deal history, crucial for evaluating the clarity of monetary movements and spotting potentially dangerous transactions.
3. Monitoring Solutions: Expert monitoring tools allow you to follow all operations related to your account, permitting you to promptly uncover suspicious conduct.
4. Threat Statements: Certain services extend detailed concern summaries, which can be crucial for traders looking to confirm the integrity of their assets.
No matter of whether or not you are handling a large fund or performing small deals, following to AML standards supports steer clear of legal repercussions. Employing USDT validation solutions not only defends you from economic damages but also helps to creating a safe environment for all business stakeholders.
Conclusion
Assessing USDT for restrictive measures and transaction clarity is becoming a compulsory action for anyone keen to stay compliant within the regulations and uphold high levels of openness in the virtual currency sector. By engaging with credible tools, you not only safeguard your holdings but also aid to the joint mission in fighting financial misconduct and terrorism funding.
If you are set to start using these services, review the accessible options and choose the service that most adequately fits your needs. Remember, information is your advantage, and prompt transfer assessment can shield you from numerous challenges in the coming times.
Hey there, You have done an excellent job. I will certainly digg it
and personally suggest to my friends. I’m
confident they will be benefited from this web site.
Solutions for Checking USDT for Sanctions and Deal Cleanliness: Anti-Money Laundering Solutions
In the modern realm of cryptocurrencies, where expedited trades and privacy are becoming the standard, observing the legality and purity of transactions is necessary. In consideration of increased government examination over dirty money and terrorist financing, the need for effective resources to validate transfers has become a significant matter for virtual currency users. In this text, we will review offered services for verifying USDT for embargoes and transaction purity.
What is AML?
Anti-Laundering measures refer to a series of regulatory actions aimed at hindering and discovering dirty money activities. With the growth of digital asset usage, AML measures have become especially crucial, allowing clients to handle digital assets reliably while minimizing perils associated with prohibitions.
USDT, as the arguably the popular stablecoin, is extensively used in different deals worldwide. Nevertheless, using USDT can entail several risks, especially if your monies may associate to non-transparent or criminal activities. To reduce these risks, it’s crucial to take benefit of services that assess USDT for sanctions.
Available Services
1. Address Authentication: Leveraging specialized tools, you can verify a specific USDT address for any ties to restrictive catalogs. This assists pinpoint potential links to illicit operations.
2. Transfer Conduct Analysis: Some services provide scrutiny of transfer records, important for measuring the clarity of monetary transfers and uncovering potentially hazardous activities.
3. Tracking Systems: Specialized monitoring tools allow you to track all operations related to your account, allowing you to swiftly detect dubious actions.
4. Hazard Records: Certain tools offer detailed threat documents, which can be crucial for investors looking to validate the reliability of their assets.
Regardless of if you are overseeing a large investment or making small operations, following to AML standards ensures evade legal repercussions. Adopting USDT authentication services not only protects you from monetary losses but also contributes to building a stable environment for all business participants.
Conclusion
Verifying USDT for restrictive measures and deal cleanliness is becoming a required action for anyone eager to continue within the rules and support high levels of clarity in the digital asset field. By working with trustworthy services, you not only defend your resources but also help to the shared mission in fighting money laundering and terrorist financing.
If you are willing to start utilizing these tools, review the accessible platforms and identify the one that most adequately suits your needs. Bear in mind, knowledge is your strength, and timely transaction verification can rescue you from a variety of challenges in the coming times.
The Vatican Museum: A Journey Through Time and Art
Nestled within the Vatican City, the Vatican Museums stand as one of the most iconic cultural institutions in the world. With their unparalleled collection of art and history, they offer an extraordinary experience for visitors from all walks of life. Housing over 70,000 works of art, with 20,000 on display, these museums are a testament to humanity’s enduring quest for beauty, knowledge, and spirituality.
A Brief History
The origins of the Vatican Museums trace back to 1506 when Pope Julius II acquired a marble statue known as “Laocoon and His Sons.” This masterpiece marked the beginning of what would become one of the most extensive and revered art collections in the world. Over the centuries, successive Popes expanded the collection, commissioning and acquiring works from renowned artists and civilizations spanning millennia.
Today, the Vatican Museums are a series of interconnected museums and galleries, showcasing art and artifacts from ancient Egypt, classical antiquity, the Renaissance, and beyond. They serve as a bridge between the past and present, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in a world of creativity and devotion.
Highlights of the Vatican Museums
1. The Sistine Chapel:
The Sistine Chapel is arguably the crown jewel of the Vatican Museums. Michelangelo’s breathtaking frescoes, including the iconic “The Creation of Adam” and “The Last Judgment,” adorn its ceiling and altar wall. These masterpieces are considered some of the greatest achievements in the history of art, offering a profound spiritual and artistic experience.
2. Raphael Rooms:
Commissioned by Pope Julius II, the Raphael Rooms showcase the genius of Renaissance artist Raphael. The “School of Athens,” a depiction of classical philosophers, is a standout piece that exemplifies harmony, perspective, and intellectual depth.
3. Gallery of Maps:
A visual feast for cartography enthusiasts, the Gallery of Maps features 40 detailed topographical maps of Italy, meticulously painted by Ignazio Danti in the late 16th century. The vibrant colors and intricate details make this gallery a must-see.
4. Gregorian Egyptian Museum:
For those intrigued by ancient civilizations, the Gregorian Egyptian Museum offers a fascinating glimpse into Egypt’s history. With mummies, statues, and papyri, it transports visitors to a time of pharaohs and pyramids.
5. Pinacoteca:
The Pinacoteca, or picture gallery, houses an impressive collection of paintings from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Works by Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, and Titian are among its treasures.
Tips for Visiting the Vatican Museums
Book Tickets in Advance: The Vatican Museums attract millions of visitors annually. To avoid long queues, consider purchasing skip-the-line tickets or guided tour packages online.
Choose the Right Time: Visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon can help you avoid peak crowds. Wednesday mornings are especially busy due to the Pope’s weekly audience.
Dress Appropriately: As a religious site, the Vatican has a dress code. Ensure your shoulders and knees are covered to gain entry.
Take a Guided Tour: To fully appreciate the history and significance of the collections, opt for a guided tour. Expert guides provide insightful commentary, enriching your experience.
Allocate Sufficient Time: The museums are vast, and exploring them can take several hours. Prioritize your must-see areas and allow time to soak in the ambiance.
The Cultural Significance of the Vatican Museums
The Vatican Museums are more than a repository of art; they represent a convergence of faith, culture, and human achievement. They bear witness to the Catholic Church’s role in preserving and fostering artistic expression throughout history. The collections highlight the interplay between spirituality and creativity, offering visitors a profound connection to the divine and the universal human experience.
Practical Information
Location: Vatican City, accessible from Rome.
Opening Hours: Typically open Monday through Saturday, with limited hours on Sundays. Check the official website for holiday schedules.
Tickets: Standard entry fees vary, with discounts available for students and children.
Accessibility: The museums are wheelchair accessible, with lifts and pathways designed for visitors with mobility challenges.
The Vatican Museums are a treasure trove of art, history, and spirituality, offering a transformative journey through humanity’s creative and cultural legacy. Whether you are an art aficionado, a history enthusiast, or a spiritual seeker, the museums promise an unforgettable experience. Plan your visit today to explore one of the world’s greatest cultural landmarks and discover the timeless beauty that lies within its walls.
It’s really a great and helpful piece of info. I’m satisfied that you just shared this
useful information with us. Please stay us informed like this.
Thank you for sharing.
Lovely just what I was looking for. Thanks to the author for taking his clock time on this one.
I was suggested this website through my cousin. I’m now not certain whether this submit is written by means of him as no one else know such
specified approximately my difficulty. You’re amazing!
Thank you!
For most recent information you have to go to see
world-wide-web and on internet I found this website as a most excellent website for latest updates.
Yet another thing I would like to say is that in place of trying to accommodate all your online degree programs on days that you finish off work (since the majority of people are worn out when they go back home), try to find most of your sessions on the week-ends and only one or two courses in weekdays, even if it means taking some time off your saturday and sunday. This pays off because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be much more rested along with concentrated on school work. Thanks for the different recommendations I have acquired from your site.
bookmarked!!, I like your website!
This post is worth everyone’s attention. How can I find out more?
I really like reading through a post that can make men and women think.
Also, many thanks for allowing me to comment!
I cannot thank you enough for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
Its just like you read my thoughts! It’s like reading about my family.
I have been surfing online greater than 3 hours these days, yet I by no means discovered any attention-grabbing article like yours.
It is pretty worth sufficient for me. Personally, if all
webmasters and bloggers made excellent content material as
you probably did, the web will likely be much more helpful than ever before.
Amazing! Your site has quite a few comment posts. How did you get all of these bloggers to look at your site I’m envious! I’m still studying all about posting articles on the net. I’m going to view pages on your website to get a better understanding how to attract more people. Thank you!
The clarity in your post is just nice and I can tell you are an expert in the subject matter.
You actually make it seem so easy together with your presentation but I in finding this matter to be actually something that I feel I would by no means understand. It kind of feels too complicated and extremely wide for me. I am having a look ahead to your next put up, I¦ll try to get the dangle of it!
This design is incredible! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused.
Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my
own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job.
I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.
Too cool!
When are you going to post again? You really entertain me!
I would really like to appreciate the endeavors you cash in on written this article. I’m going for the similar best product from you finding out in the foreseeable future as well. Actually your creative writing abilities has urged me to begin my very own blog now. Genuinely the blogging is distributing its wings rapidly. Your write down is often a fine illustration showing it.
I am very happy to look your post. Thanks a lot and i am taking a look ahead to touch you.
I’ll check back after you publish more articles.
Very neat article post.Thanks Again. Cool.
I imagine so. Very good stuff, I agree totally.
You appear to know so much about this, and I see you’re a published author. Thanks
Thanks for sharing the information. I found the information very useful. That’s a awesome story you posted. I will come back to scan some more.
Offerings for Checking USDT for Restrictive Measures and Transaction Purity: Anti-Laundering Strategies
In the modern domain of crypto assets, where rapid trades and secrecy are becoming the standard practice, tracking the legitimacy and cleanliness of processes is necessary. In recognition of increased government oversight over financial misconduct and terrorism financing activities, the demand for efficient resources to validate transfers has become a key priority for virtual currency users. In this piece, we will review available offerings for monitoring USDT for prohibitions and deal cleanliness.
What is AML?
AML measures refer to a set of supervisory measures aimed at stopping and identifying dirty money activities. With the increase of digital asset usage, AML practices have become notably essential, allowing clients to deal with digital assets confidently while lessening hazards associated with embargoes.
USDT, as the widely regarded as the well-known stablecoin, is widely used in multiple exchanges worldwide. However, using USDT can carry several dangers, especially if your resources may relate to ambiguous or illegal activities. To mitigate these hazards, it’s vital to take make use of tools that assess USDT for embargoes.
Available Services
1. Address Confirmation: Using customized tools, you can verify a specific USDT address for any associations to sanction lists. This aids uncover potential links to illegal activities.
2. Transfer Action Evaluation: Some offerings make available evaluation of transfer history, essential for evaluating the clarity of capital transfers and spotting potentially dangerous operations.
3. Tracking Solutions: Dedicated monitoring systems allow you to monitor all transactions related to your location, facilitating you to swiftly detect questionable operations.
4. Risk Statements: Certain tools extend detailed threat reports, which can be beneficial for traders looking to confirm the trustworthiness of their holdings.
Irrespective of whether or not you are managing a large capital or performing small transactions, adhering to AML practices assists avoid legal repercussions. Using USDT certification offerings not only protects you from monetary losses but also helps to building a secure environment for all economic players.
Conclusion
Checking USDT for restrictive measures and deal clarity is becoming a mandatory process for anyone keen to remain within the law and support high criteria of openness in the virtual currency domain. By interacting with trustworthy services, you not only defend your assets but also support to the collective effort in fighting financial misconduct and financing of terrorism.
If you are ready to start leveraging these offerings, examine the existing options and choose the solution that best suits your needs. Bear in mind, information is your asset, and prompt transfer check can save you from many issues in the time ahead.
WOW just what I was searching for. Came here by searching for apple music promotion
Hi! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new iphone 3gs!
Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog
and look forward to all your posts! Keep up the excellent work!
Woh I enjoy your content , saved to bookmarks!
Just stumble upon your blog from from time to time. nice article
Hello there! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering if you
knew where I could find a captcha plugin for my comment form?
I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having trouble finding
one? Thanks a lot!
Hi there, its fastidious paragraph on the topic of media print, we all
understand media is a impressive source of data.
Keep it up!. I usually don’t post in Blogs but your blog forced me to, amazing work.. beautiful A rise in An increase in An increase in.
Loving the info on this website , you have done outstanding job on the blog posts.
Thank you for sharing indeed great looking !
Thank you so much for sharing this wonderful post with us.
I appreciate you sharing this blog post.
Thanks very interesting blog!
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts.
After all I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I
hope you write again soon!
I really believe you will do well in the future I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.
Can I simply say what a comfort to discover
someone who actually knows what they are talking about over the internet.
You actually realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important.
A lot more people need to read this and understand this side of the story.
I was surprised you are not more popular since you surely possess the
gift.
Surprisingly good post. I really found your primary webpage and additionally wanted to suggest that have essentially enjoyed searching your website blog posts. Whatever the case I’ll always be subscribing to your entire supply and I hope you jot down ever again soon!
I have noticed that online education is getting well-liked because attaining your college degree online has become a popular option for many people. A huge number of people have not really had a chance to attend an established college or university although seek the raised earning possibilities and a better job that a Bachelors Degree gives you. Still other folks might have a diploma in one field but would want to pursue anything they now develop an interest in.
Hey there would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re using?
I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m having a
difficult time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for
something completely unique. P.S My apologies for getting off-topic
but I had to ask!
of course like your web-site however you have to check the spelling on several of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and I find it very troublesome to tell the reality then again I will surely come back again.
Makes sense to me.
hello there and thank you for your info – I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here.
I did however expertise several technical issues using this site,
as I experienced to reload the web site many times previous to
I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK?
Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and could damage your quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords.
Anyway I am adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating content.
Ensure that you update this again very soon.