Innlegg: Metaller til det grønne skiftet krever gruvedrift – bare ikke i Norge?
Vi skulle tro at de som er engasjert i naturen, også ville være interessert i lære litt om hvordan den funger. De ser ut til å mangle forståelse om hvordan prosesser på jordoverflaten fungerer.
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Miljødemonstranter har nå stoppet et lovlig vedtak som gir tillatelse til gruvedrift i Repparfjorden. De har ikke kommet frem med faglige argument for sine meninger. Vedtaket bygger på mange års undersøkelser av havbunnen og havvannet presentert i rapporter og erfaringer fra tidligere gruvedrift.
Demonstrantene mener at fjorden blir forgiftet hvis gruveslam blir lagret i sjøen, uten å legge frem noen argumenter for dette.
Det er ikke påvist betydelige skader i fjorden fra tidligere gruvedrift. Dette er et eksempel på miljøengasjement uten miljøkunnskap. De ser ut til å mangle forståelse om hvordan prosesser på jordoverflaten fungerer og helt grunnleggende kjemi.
Vi skulle tro at de som er engasjert i naturen også ville være interessert i lære litt om hvordan den funger.
Demonstrantene ser ut til å mene at vi ikke skal ha gruver i Norge og heller importere alle de metaller vi trenger til det grønne skiftet. Batterifabrikkene som planlegges i Norge, vil kreve enorme mengder med metaller som må importeres fra andre land. Metallene vil for det meste komme fra fattige land, som ikke har råd til å si nei til gruvedrift og forurensningene som den fører med seg.
Miljødemonstrantene ved Repparfjord mener at det er spesielt ille at gruveslammet dumpes i fjorden, mens lagring på land gir mange ganger større skader slik vi ser rundt gamle gruver, i Norge og andre steder. Gruveslammet er meget mer løselig og giftig i ferskvann som er surt (pH 6), enn i havvann som er basisk (pH 8). På sjøbunnen er det organisk materiale og oftest også noe kalk. Metallene felles da ut som sulfid eller karbonat og gruveslammet begraves av nye lag med sediment.
På land vil gruveslam med sulfidmineraler som svovelkis bli liggende og oksideres, slik at det dannes svovelsyre, som øker oppløsningen slik at det dannes giftige forbindelser som vil forurense miljøet i meget lang tid fremover.
Rundt gamle gruver, i Norge og andre steder, har luft og vann ført til en oksidasjon og dannelse av svovelsyre som ikke stopper. Grunnvannet kan da bli svært surt (ned til pH 3-4) og giftig.
Vi ser i Norge og andre land at nedlagte gruver virker sterkt forurensende på grunnvann og elvevann.
På sjøbunnen, derimot, finnes det organisk materiale og oftest også noe kalk som bidrar til å nøytralisere en del mineralreaksjoner og oksidasjonen. Metallene felles da ut som sulfid eller karbonat og gruveslammet begraves av nye lag med sediment.
Bergartene rundt gruven i Repparfjorden inneholder kobber og andre metaller også i bergarter utenfor selve malmen. Regnvann og grunnvann løser opp mineraler (særlig sulfider) og transportere metallene ut i fjorden, også når det ikke er gruvedrift der.
Det er en naturlig prosess at metaller forvitret på land og føres ut i havet med elver og også med grunnvannet. I Repparfjorden er det høy tidevannsforskjell som fører til rask uttynning av metallene i havvannet.
Nordisk ministerråd har nylig utgitt en rapport som viser at det er betydelige reserver av kritiske metaller som kan utvinnes ved gruvedrift i Norden for å bidra til det grønne skiftet. Skal vi ikke da bidra med metaller fra norske gruver?
Er miljøbevegelsen styrt av ideologi istedenfor kunnskap?
Vi har her i Norge nå også et stort underskudd på fagfolk med miljørelevant kompetanse og som kan bidra til det grønne skiftet.
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